Sudden Hearing Loss: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Between one and six people per 5,000 experience sudden hearing loss (SHL) every year, according to the NIH, though the actual number is likely much higher, as many cases go undiagnosed. SHL refers to the rapid loss of hearing in one or both ears, typically occurring over 72 hours.
It can happen to anyone, regardless of age, and its sudden nature can be alarming. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for SHL is crucial for prompt intervention and improving the chances of recovery.
In this guide to senior auditory health, our team at Addington Place of Mt. Pleasant will explore what sudden hearing loss is, common causes, key symptoms, and the available treatment options to help manage this condition. Let's get started.
What Is Sudden Hearing Loss?
As noted above, SHL is a rapid decline in hearing, typically in one ear, that occurs within 72 hours. The loss can range from partial to complete deafness, and it can happen without warning. In some cases, people may notice a muffled sound or a feeling of fullness in their ear, which progresses quickly.
SHL is different from gradual hearing loss, which occurs over a longer period and is often associated with aging or long-term exposure to loud noises. The exact cause of SHL is sometimes unknown, and it can occur in otherwise healthy individuals.
Although it is rare, sudden hearing loss is a serious condition that can significantly affect a person's quality of life. Seeking prompt medical attention is important, as early treatment can increase the chances of recovery and prevent long-term hearing impairment.
Common Causes of Sudden Hearing Loss
SHL can occur for a variety of reasons, and understanding the potential causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Here are some of the most common reasons why SHL may happen.
Inner Ear Issues
One of the most common causes of sudden hearing loss is a problem within the inner ear. Viral infections, such as viral labyrinthitis, can lead to inflammation and disrupt the inner ear's function, resulting in a rapid decline in hearing.
Autoimmune diseases, where the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues, can also affect the inner ear, leading to sudden hearing loss.
Blood Flow Problems
In some cases, reduced blood flow to the ear can cause sudden hearing loss. The inner ear requires a steady supply of blood to function properly, and when blood flow is compromised, whether due to vascular conditions, a clot, or other issues, hearing can be quickly affected. This type of hearing loss may be linked to conditions like:
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Atherosclerosis
In such cases, managing the underlying blood flow issue is key to preventing further hearing damage.
Trauma or Injury
Physical trauma or injury to the head or ear can also lead to sudden hearing loss. A blow to the head, sudden pressure changes (like during air travel), or exposure to loud noises, such as explosions, can cause damage to the delicate structures of the inner ear.
Acoustic trauma from loud sounds, especially those that are intense or occur suddenly, can permanently damage hair cells in the inner ear, resulting in hearing loss.
Medications
Certain medications can cause sudden hearing loss as a side effect, particularly those known as ototoxic drugs. These can include:
- Antibiotics
- Chemotherapy drugs
- High doses of pain relievers (like aspirin)
Ototoxic drugs can damage the hair cells in the inner ear or affect the auditory nerve, leading to sudden hearing loss. If this is suspected, doctors may adjust the medication regimen or recommend alternatives to prevent further hearing damage.
Unknown Causes
In many cases, the exact cause of sudden hearing loss is never found. This is referred to as idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL), and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Despite thorough testing, doctors may not be able to pinpoint the reason behind the hearing loss.
While this can be frustrating for patients, treatment options like steroids or antiviral medications may still be used to help improve hearing recovery.
Symptoms of Sudden Hearing Loss
The symptoms of sudden hearing loss can vary but typically include a noticeable decline in hearing ability, often in one ear. Many people describe the sensation as if their ear is "clogged" or "full," similar to the feeling of being underwater. Sounds may become muffled or distorted, making it difficult to understand speech or hear everyday noises.
In addition to hearing loss, other common symptoms include tinnitus, a ringing or buzzing sound in the ear, which can be constant or intermittent.
Some individuals may also experience dizziness or vertigo, a feeling of imbalance or spinning. This can further impact daily activities and safety.
It's important to note that sudden hearing loss may occur without any pain, making it difficult to detect at first. If any of these symptoms arise, it's essential to seek medical attention immediately for a proper diagnosis and to improve the chances of recovery.
Sudden Hearing Loss Treatment Options
Treatment for sudden deafness loss depends on the underlying cause, but early intervention is key.
Doctors typically prescribe corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and improve recovery chances. These can be taken orally or injected directly into the ear. If a viral infection is suspected, antiviral medications may be used to treat it.
In cases where hearing loss persists, hearing aids can help restore some sound and improve overall communication. For rarer cases, surgery may be needed, especially if there's a tumor or other structural issue affecting the ear.
Additionally, rehabilitation, like auditory training and guidance from hearing specialists, can help individuals adjust to changes in their hearing.
Guide to Rapid Hearing Loss
The bottom line is that if you're experiencing sudden hearing loss, you should seek emergency hearing care right away. Early intervention for sudden hearing loss can make a significant difference in recovery.
At our senior living community in Mount Pleasant, IA, we prioritize the well-being of our residents, ensuring they receive the care and attention needed for a high quality of life. If you're considering a move, schedule a tour of Addington Place of Mt. Pleasant and see how we support our community members in living comfortably and safely.